The working principle of the base station antenna mainly includes signal transmission, radiation pattern and lobe width. The main function of the base station antenna is to achieve wireless coverage, that is, the wireless signal transmission between the wired communication network and the wireless terminal. The signal is transmitted to the base station from the core network side through control signaling, voice call or data service information, and after baseband and radio frequency processing, it is sent to the antenna through the radio frequency feeder for transmission. The terminal receives the radio waves emitted by the antenna through the wireless channel and demodulates its own signal

The types of base station antennas include vertically polarized antennas, horizontally polarized antennas, microstrip antennas, and printed antennas. The vertically polarized antenna has stable signal transmission and strong anti-interference ability, and is suitable for outdoor coverage; The horizontally polarized antenna has a long signal transmission distance and strong penetration ability, which is suitable for indoor coverage; Microstrip antennas have the advantages of small size, light weight, and easy integration, and are widely used in small base stations and indoor distribution systems. The printed antenna has a simple structure and low cost, and is suitable for indoor distribution systems and mobile communication equipment.

Performance indicators of base station antennas include gain, radiation pattern, and